議論文是作者對某個問題或某件事進行分析、評論，表明自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度、看法、主張的一種文體。寫議論文要把握三性和三要素。三性指準確性、鮮明性和生動性。三要素指論點、論據(jù)和論證。

　　論點的基本要求：觀點正確，概括全面，見解新穎，有實際意義，要恰當?shù)鼐C合運用各種表達方式。

　　論據(jù)的基本要求，真實可靠、充分典型。

　　論證的基本要求：推理必須合乎邏輯，論證要講究順序，論證要符合正確的推理形式。

　　簡而言之，英語議論文共有三大特點：

　　1、 觀點鮮明的開頭;

　　2、 緊扣主題的結尾;

　　3、 有主題句并且銜接自然的中間段落。

　　這三點當中，第1、2點早已為絕大多數(shù)中國學生所熟知，因為開頭點題和結尾扣題同樣也是漢語文章的要求。但在長時間的學習過程中，這樣的要求被很多學生以為是“老土”而得不到足夠的重視。如果將這種思想帶到英語議論文寫作當中，直接的后果就是中心分散、觀點不明確，加上中國學生普遍英文表達能力不強，這些因素就為整篇文章的失敗埋下了隱患。

　　另外，英語文章和漢語不同的是段落的主題句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的寫作習慣放在段落的中間或者最后，在英文應試寫作中更加如此。正因為沒有“主題句”的思想，所以中國學生在寫英語文章時經�！跋氲绞裁�，就寫什么”，這在英語議論文中是不能接受的。

　　(二) 中心統(tǒng)一

　　在中心統(tǒng)一這個問題上，英語議論文和漢語議論文的概念也有所不同。中國人在寫議論文時常常遵循“中庸”的原則，其具體的表現(xiàn)就是認為世界上沒有任何事情是絕對的。當他們在文章中表揚一件事物或一種現(xiàn)象的時候，總要指出其不足;同樣，在批評一件事物或一種現(xiàn)象的同時，也總不忘記指出其也有合理之處。這種做法從道理上來講并沒有什么不妥，但卻不符合英語議論文的寫作習慣，因為英語作家在寫議論文時關注的是自己的辯論技巧和其結果對公眾的影響力。換句話說，如果作者告訴大家兩面都有道理也就等于說兩面都沒有道理，因為讀者在讀了文章之后仍舊不知道作者的看法是什么，以及自己在這種情況下到底該怎么做。

　　所以，既然四級考試考的是英語文章，大家就應該遵循英文議論文的寫作思路和習慣：表示支持則旗幟鮮明地支持;表示反對就徹徹底底地反對，而不能采取“墻頭草兩邊倒”的做法。

　　(三) 段落的連貫性文章引用自：

　　在確定好一條條的擴展句后，怎樣把這些句子流暢而連貫地組合在一起呢?

　　這便是關聯(lián)詞發(fā)揮作用的時候了。在英語中，句與句之間、段與段之間一般都有連詞或關聯(lián)詞連接，通過這些詞讀者能夠很清楚地明白文章前后的邏輯聯(lián)系。

　　適當使用關聯(lián)詞是四級寫作必備的技能，大家應該要引起特別重視。

　　常用的關聯(lián)詞分為四類：

　　1、列舉類

　　列舉法常用在議論文中，當作者提出一個論點后，可通過列舉出一系列事實對其進行說明或論證。

　　列舉類關聯(lián)詞有：

　　first(ly), second(ly),... finally; for one thing, for another; on the one hand, on the other hand; moreover; furthermore; what's more; in addition; besides; first of all; in the first place, in the second place; (at)last; then; next; the last but not the least

　　2、舉例類

　　舉例法是用事例或數(shù)據(jù)對中心觀點進行說明論證的方法，舉例類關聯(lián)詞有：

　　for example; for instance; such as; like; take...for example; a case in point; namely; in other words; that is; especially; in particular

　　3、比較和對比

　　比較是把兩種或兩種以上的事物進行比較，以辨別出它們的相似之處;對比是將這些事物進行對照，辨別其差異而指出各自的特征和本質。這類關聯(lián)詞有：

　　but; however; yet; otherwise; while; in contrast; by contrast; on the contrary; similarly; likewise; like; conversely; rather than; instead; on the other hand; equally; nevertheless; nonetheless; unlike; still; in the same way; compared with...

　　4、因果類

　　as a result; since; because(of); thanks to; due to; owing to; for this reason; hence; thus; therefore; on this/that account; on account of; consequently

　　5、總結類

　　總結法是指在表達了一個觀點或舉了一個例子后，進行總結、給出概括，這類關聯(lián)詞有：

　　in this case; according to; in a word; in brief; in short; to sum up.

　　范文1：

　　“Do’ Lucky Numbers’ Really Bring Good Luck?”

　　Some people think that certain numbers will bring good luck to them. Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers. There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers.

　　However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck. They believe in their own rather than” lucky numbers”. They don't do things according to certain numbers.

　　As far as I am concerned, I think it is a person's own business whether he believes in a certain number or not. The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well. As to the belief in numbers, it is his personal choice.

　　范文2：

　　Career or Family: which is more important?

　　When asked about their opinion of career and family, people always respond differently. Some people deem it more important to pursue their career, while there are always other people who argue that family should be the number one in one’s life.

　　It goes without any question that career plays a key role in our life. In the very first place, career can give us an aim to live on. Without career, much of our living time will be certainly wasted. What’s more, career can provide us with a means to live on. Most of the people earn their income from a job. On the other hand, family is also an indispensable part of life, as many people will admit. Family is always regarded as a place where we can escape from troubles in life. In addition, we can obtain a sense of belonging to from family. Without it, anyone will feel lonely and desperate.

　　In my opinion, career and family are not in opposition to each other. Rather, they can enhance each other so that one’s life can become better and better. Therefore, it’s not a choice between right and wrong, but one between ideal and practical.

　　編輯推薦：

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