81. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.

　　[參考譯文]這樣一來總的結果便是業(yè)余愛好者想在專業(yè)地質學期刊…卜發(fā)表文章就更難了，而被廣泛使用的論文評審推薦制度又進一步強化了這一結果，該種制度先是出現(xiàn)在19世紀的國家級刊物上，后又在20世紀被幾家地方級地質學刊物所使用。

　　82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.

　　[參考譯文]一個頗為相似的分化過程已經(jīng)導致專業(yè)的地質學家走到一起組成一到兩個全國性的專科學術社團，而業(yè)余地質愛好者們傾向于要么仍留在地方社團，要么也以另一種方式組成全國性機構。

　　83. Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low--level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head--scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

　　[參考譯文]遺憾地講，這次新聞機構可信度調查計劃結果只獲得了一些十分低層次的發(fā)現(xiàn)，比如新聞報道中的事實錯誤，拼寫或語法錯誤(和這些低層次發(fā)現(xiàn))交織在一起的還有許多令人撓頭的困惑，譬如讀者到底想讀些什么。

　　84. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands.

　　[參考譯文]我認為巨大的并購浪潮背后的最重要的推動力同時也就是促成全球化進程的那方基石：即降低交通運輸成本，逐漸減少貿易投資壁壘，以及大。幅度拓展市場，這些都要求更大規(guī)模的經(jīng)營管理以滿足消費者需求。

　　85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family."

　　[參考譯文]一次側面的不光明磊落的攻擊傷害了我的自尊，阻礙了我事業(yè)的發(fā)展， 使我不得不拋棄了那份引人注目的工作，盡管表面上我還要以一個蒙受屈辱的政府部長的姿態(tài)，通過聲稱"我只不過是想多和家人呆在一起"來掩蓋我的退出。

　　86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　[參考譯文]或許正像凱爾西在不堪積勞重負而公開地辭去她在《她》雜志社的編輯一職之后一樣，我已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，放棄那種"為生活忙碌"的人生信條并轉而追求比較悠閑的生活帶給你的回報遠遠大于經(jīng)濟成功和社會地位。

　　87. While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ' 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.

　　[參考譯文]在美國，這一返樸趨勢是以經(jīng)濟衰落的反應為開始的--那是在80年代末期裁員而引起大量的失業(yè)之后一一現(xiàn)在依然與提倡節(jié)儉的政綱相關;而在英國，最起碼在我所熟識的中產(chǎn)階級返樸歸隱者中，追求簡約;生活的原因就多種多樣了。

　　88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the' 80s, down-shifting in the mid' 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.

　　[參考譯文]對于我這一代曾在整個80年代為生活奔波的女人來說，90年代中期出現(xiàn)的歸隱恬退與其說是我們尋求一種神話般的美好生活--用有機肥種;植蔬菜，并且自己放棄一切的風險--不如說是我們清醒地認識到自身;能力是有限的這一事實。

　　89. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman' s notorious bad taste in ties.

　　[參考譯文]如果你是你講話對象中的一員，那么你就身處一種(有利)位置來了解對你們來說都很普遍的經(jīng)歷和問題，而且你對餐廳中難以下咽的食物或老總臭名昭彰的領帶品位進行隨意評判也是合適的。

　　90. There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.

　　[參考譯文]現(xiàn)在已有一些機器人系統(tǒng)能夠進行精確到毫米以下的腦部和骨骼手術這要比極具技巧的醫(yī)生單單用手精確得多。