4. According to the passage, standardized tests work work most effectively when ____________.

　　A. the user knows how to interpret the results in advance.

　　B. the objectives are most clearly defined.

　　C. the persons who take the test are intelligent or skillful.

　　D. they measure the traits or qualities of the tests

　　5. The author’s attitude toward standardized tests could be described as _______.

　　A. positive

　　B. critical

　　C. prejudiced

　　D. indifferent.

　　難句突破：

　　★The standardized educational or psychological tests, (which are widely used to aid [in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel,]) have been the target of recent attacks [in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress.]

　　【分析】復(fù)合句。主句主語帶有一個(gè)很長的非限定性定語從句，由which引導(dǎo)。從句中還有三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)名詞短語。

　　★How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom (with which it is interpreted.)

　　【分析】復(fù)合句。how引導(dǎo)的從句作主語從句。主句的謂語有兩個(gè)并列的部分，and 與on之間省略了第二個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞depends。which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語從句。

　　案,解題思路,全文翻譯~

　　DDDBA

　　解題思路

　　1 選D。主旨大意題。第一段是給出話題，作為主題內(nèi)容的第二、三段都是對標(biāo)準(zhǔn)花測試的理論基礎(chǔ)的介紹。

　　2 選D。推理判斷題。第二段提到，要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測必須有兩個(gè)條件，一個(gè)是獲得的信息本身，另一個(gè)是對所獲得的信息進(jìn)行分析。所以對于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試所獲得的信息，也必須使用特殊的方法進(jìn)行分析。因此D正確。原文中，作者是反對抨擊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試的。因此A“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試不應(yīng)再使用”可排除。測試結(jié)果是否有效，取決與很多因素，B過于絕對。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測試的價(jià)值在于它的快速和客觀性，所以C錯(cuò)誤。